Cleanup the code

8 files changed, 460 insertions, 420 deletions

diff --git a/web/apache/log b/web/apache/log
index 50e2f7c..acc7c92 100644
--- a/web/apache/log
+++ b/web/apache/log
@@ -48,25 +48,25 @@ namespace web
 
         if (func)
           ap_log_error (file,
-                         line,
-                         APLOG_NO_MODULE,
-                         level,
-                         0,
-                         server_,
-                         "[%s]: %s",
-                         func,
-                         msg);
+                        line,
+                        APLOG_NO_MODULE,
+                        level,
+                        0,
+                        server_,
+                        "[%s]: %s",
+                        func,
+                        msg);
         else
           // skip function name placeholder from log line
           //
           ap_log_error (file,
-                         line,
-                         APLOG_NO_MODULE,
-                         level,
-                         0,
-                         server_,
-                         ": %s",
-                         msg);
+                        line,
+                        APLOG_NO_MODULE,
+                        level,
+                        0,
+                        server_,
+                        ": %s",
+                        msg);
       }
 
     private:
diff --git a/web/apache/request b/web/apache/request
index 4071bd1..1fb9cbe 100644
--- a/web/apache/request
+++ b/web/apache/request
@@ -46,48 +46,12 @@ namespace web
       // Get request body data stream.
       //
       virtual std::istream&
-      content ()
-      {
-        if (!in_)
-        {
-          std::unique_ptr<std::streambuf> in_buf (
-            new istreambuf (rec_, *this));
-
-          in_.reset (new std::istream (in_buf.get ()));
-          in_buf_ = std::move (in_buf);
-          in_->exceptions (std::ios::failbit | std::ios::badbit);
-
-          // Save form data now otherwise will not be available to do later
-          // when data read from stream.
-          //
-          form_data ();
-        }
-
-        return *in_;
-      }
+      content ();
 
       // Get request parameters.
       //
       virtual const name_values&
-      parameters ()
-      {
-        if (!parameters_)
-        {
-          parameters_.reset (new name_values ());
-
-          try
-          {
-            parse_parameters (rec_->args);
-            parse_parameters (form_data ()->c_str ());
-          }
-          catch (const std::invalid_argument& )
-          {
-            throw invalid_request ();
-          }
-        }
-
-        return *parameters_;
-      }
+      parameters ();
 
       // Get request cookies.
       //
@@ -101,26 +65,7 @@ namespace web
       // Set response status code.
       //
       virtual void
-      status (status_code status)
-      {
-        if (status != rec_->status)
-        {
-          // Setting status code in exception handler is a common usecase
-          // where no sense to throw but still need to signal apache a
-          // proper status code.
-          //
-          if (get_write_state () && !std::current_exception ())
-          {
-            throw sequence_error ("::web::apache::request::status");
-          }
-
-          rec_->status = status;
-          buffer_ = true;
-          out_.reset ();
-          out_buf_.reset ();
-          ap_set_content_type (rec_, nullptr);
-        }
-      }
+      status (status_code status);
 
       // Set response status code, content type and get body stream.
       //
@@ -140,11 +85,9 @@ namespace web
               bool secure = false);
 
     private:
-      using string_ptr = std::unique_ptr<std::string>;
-
       // Get application/x-www-form-urlencoded form data.
       //
-      const string_ptr&
+      const std::string&
       form_data ();
 
       void
@@ -167,7 +110,7 @@ namespace web
           // Preparing to write a response read and discard request
           // body if any.
           //
-          int r = ap_discard_request_body (rec_);
+          int r (ap_discard_request_body (rec_));
 
           if (r != OK)
           {
@@ -179,7 +122,6 @@ namespace web
       }
 
     private:
-
       request_rec* rec_;
       bool buffer_ {true};
       bool write_state_ {false};
@@ -189,7 +131,7 @@ namespace web
       std::unique_ptr<std::istream> in_;
       std::unique_ptr<name_values> parameters_;
       std::unique_ptr<name_values> cookies_;
-      string_ptr form_data_;
+      std::unique_ptr<std::string> form_data_;
     };
   }
 }
diff --git a/web/apache/request.cxx b/web/apache/request.cxx
index 3711437..caf0d60 100644
--- a/web/apache/request.cxx
+++ b/web/apache/request.cxx
@@ -25,6 +25,48 @@ namespace web
 {
   namespace apache
   {
+
+    istream& request::
+    content ()
+    {
+      if (!in_)
+      {
+        unique_ptr<streambuf> in_buf (new istreambuf (rec_, *this));
+
+        in_.reset (new istream (in_buf.get ()));
+        in_buf_ = move (in_buf);
+        in_->exceptions (ios::failbit | ios::badbit);
+
+        // Save form data now otherwise will not be available to do later
+        // when data already read from stream.
+        //
+        form_data ();
+      }
+
+      return *in_;
+    }
+
+    const name_values& request::
+    parameters ()
+    {
+      if (!parameters_)
+      {
+        parameters_.reset (new name_values ());
+
+        try
+        {
+          parse_parameters (rec_->args);
+          parse_parameters (form_data ().c_str ());
+        }
+        catch (const invalid_argument& )
+        {
+          throw invalid_request ();
+        }
+      }
+
+      return *parameters_;
+    }
+
     const name_values& request::
     cookies ()
     {
@@ -32,8 +74,8 @@ namespace web
       {
         cookies_.reset (new name_values ());
 
-        const apr_array_header_t* ha = apr_table_elts (rec_->headers_in);
-        size_t n = ha->nelts;
+        const apr_array_header_t* ha (apr_table_elts (rec_->headers_in));
+        size_t n (ha->nelts);
 
         for (auto h (reinterpret_cast<const apr_table_entry_t *> (ha->elts));
              n--; ++h)
@@ -42,8 +84,8 @@ namespace web
           {
             for (const char* n (h->val); n != 0; )
             {
-              const char* v = strchr (n, '=');
-              const char* e = strchr (n, ';');
+              const char* v (strchr (n, '='));
+              const char* e (strchr (n, ';'));
 
               if (e && e < v)
                 v = 0;
@@ -97,12 +139,12 @@ namespace web
         //
         form_data ();
 
-      unique_ptr<std::streambuf> out_buf (
+      unique_ptr<streambuf> out_buf (
         buffer
-        ? static_cast<std::streambuf*> (new std::stringbuf ())
-        : static_cast<std::streambuf*> (new ostreambuf (rec_, *this)));
+        ? static_cast<streambuf*> (new stringbuf ())
+        : static_cast<streambuf*> (new ostreambuf (rec_, *this)));
 
-      out_.reset (new std::ostream (out_buf.get ()));
+      out_.reset (new ostream (out_buf.get ()));
       out_buf_ = move (out_buf);
       out_->exceptions (ios::eofbit | ios::failbit | ios::badbit);
 
@@ -117,6 +159,28 @@ namespace web
     }
 
     void request::
+    status (status_code status)
+    {
+      if (status != rec_->status)
+      {
+        // Setting status code in exception handler is a common usecase
+        // where no sense to throw but still need to signal apache a
+        // proper status code.
+        //
+        if (get_write_state () && !current_exception ())
+        {
+          throw sequence_error ("::web::apache::request::status");
+        }
+
+        rec_->status = status;
+        buffer_ = true;
+        out_.reset ();
+        out_buf_.reset ();
+        ap_set_content_type (rec_, nullptr);
+      }
+    }
+
+    void request::
     cookie (const char* name,
             const char* value,
             const chrono::seconds* max_age,
@@ -126,6 +190,8 @@ namespace web
     {
       if (get_write_state ())
       {
+        // Too late to send cookie if content is already written.
+        //
         throw sequence_error ("::web::apache::request::cookie");
       }
 
@@ -136,12 +202,12 @@ namespace web
 
       if (max_age)
       {
-        chrono::system_clock::time_point tp =
-          chrono::system_clock::now () + *max_age;
+        chrono::system_clock::time_point tp (
+          chrono::system_clock::now () + *max_age);
 
-        time_t t = chrono::system_clock::to_time_t (tp);
+        time_t t (chrono::system_clock::to_time_t (tp));
 
-        // Assume global "C" locale is not changed.
+        // Assume global locale is not changed and still "C".
         //
         char b[100];
         strftime (b, sizeof (b), "%a, %d-%b-%Y %H:%M:%S GMT", gmtime (&t));
@@ -166,5 +232,139 @@ namespace web
       apr_table_add (rec_->err_headers_out, "Set-Cookie", s.str ().c_str ());
     }
 
+    void request::
+    parse_parameters (const char* args)
+    {
+      for (auto n (args); n != 0; )
+      {
+        const char* v (strchr (n, '='));
+        const char* e (strchr (n, '&'));
+
+        if (e && e < v)
+          v = 0;
+
+        string name (v
+                     ? mime_url_decode (n, v) :
+                     (e
+                      ? mime_url_decode (n, e)
+                      : mime_url_decode (n, n + strlen (n))));
+
+        string value;
+
+        if (v++)
+        {
+          value = e
+            ? mime_url_decode (v, e)
+            : mime_url_decode (v, v + strlen (v));
+        }
+
+        if (!name.empty () || !value.empty ())
+          parameters_->emplace_back (move (name), move (value));
+
+        n = e ? e + 1 : 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    void request::
+    mime_url_encode (const char* v, ostream& o)
+    {
+      char f (o.fill ());
+      ios_base::fmtflags g (o.flags ());
+      o << hex << uppercase << right << setfill ('0');
+
+      char c;
+
+      while ((c = *v++) != '\0')
+      {
+        if ((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
+            (c >= '0' && c <= '9'))
+        {
+          o << c;
+        }
+        else
+          switch (c)
+          {
+          case ' ': o << '+'; break;
+          case '.':
+          case '_':
+          case '-':
+          case '~': o << c; break;
+          default:
+            {
+              o << "%" << setw (2) << static_cast<unsigned short> (c);
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+      }
+
+      o.flags (g);
+      o.fill (f);
+    }
+
+    string request::
+    mime_url_decode (const char* b, const char* e, bool trim)
+    {
+      if (trim)
+      {
+        b += strspn (b, " ");
+
+        if (b >= e)
+          return string ();
+
+        while (*--e == ' ');
+        ++e;
+      }
+
+      string value;
+      value.reserve (e - b);
+
+      char bf[3];
+      bf[2] = '\0';
+
+      while (b != e)
+      {
+        char c (*b++);
+
+        switch (c)
+        {
+        case '+':
+          {
+            value.append (" ");
+            break;
+          }
+        case '%':
+          {
+            if (*b == '\0' || b[1] == '\0')
+            {
+              throw invalid_argument (
+                "::web::apache::request::mime_url_decode short");
+            }
+
+            *bf = *b;
+            bf[1] = b[1];
+
+            char* ebf (nullptr);
+            size_t vl (strtoul (bf, &ebf, 16));
+
+            if (*ebf != '\0')
+            {
+              throw invalid_argument (
+                "::web::apache::request::mime_url_decode wrong");
+            }
+
+            value.append (1, static_cast<char> (vl));
+            b += 2;
+            break;
+          }
+        default:
+          {
+            value.append (1, c);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      return value;
+    }
   }
 }
diff --git a/web/apache/request.ixx b/web/apache/request.ixx
index 06284fb..f7446e5 100644
--- a/web/apache/request.ixx
+++ b/web/apache/request.ixx
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ namespace web
     {
       if (buffer_ && out_buf_)
       {
-        auto b = dynamic_cast<std::stringbuf*> (out_buf_.get ());
+        auto b (dynamic_cast<std::stringbuf*> (out_buf_.get ()));
         assert (b);
 
         std::string s (b->str ());
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace web
         {
           // Before writing response read and discard request body if any.
           //
-          int r = ap_discard_request_body (rec_);
+          int r (ap_discard_request_body (rec_));
 
           if (r == OK)
           {
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ namespace web
             if (ap_rwrite (s.c_str (), s.length (), rec_) < 0)
               rec_->status = HTTP_REQUEST_TIME_OUT;
           }
-
           else
             rec_->status = r;
         }
@@ -48,13 +47,13 @@ namespace web
       return rec_->status == HTTP_OK || get_write_state () ? OK : rec_->status;
     }
 
-    inline const request::string_ptr& request::
+    inline const std::string& request::
     form_data ()
     {
       if (!form_data_)
       {
         form_data_.reset (new std::string ());
-        const char *ct = apr_table_get (rec_->headers_in, "Content-Type");
+        const char* ct (apr_table_get (rec_->headers_in, "Content-Type"));
 
         if (ct && !strncasecmp ("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", ct, 33))
         {
@@ -72,143 +71,7 @@ namespace web
         }
       }
 
-      return form_data_;
-    }
-
-    inline void request::
-    parse_parameters (const char* args)
-    {
-      for (auto n (args); n != 0; )
-      {
-        const char* v = std::strchr (n, '=');
-        const char* e = ::strchr (n, '&');
-
-        if (e && e < v)
-          v = 0;
-
-        std::string name (v
-                          ? mime_url_decode (n, v) :
-                          (e
-                           ? mime_url_decode (n, e)
-                           : mime_url_decode (n, n + std::strlen (n))));
-
-        std::string value;
-
-        if (v++)
-        {
-          value = e
-            ? mime_url_decode (v, e)
-            : mime_url_decode (v, v + std::strlen (v));
-        }
-
-        if (!name.empty () || !value.empty ())
-          parameters_->emplace_back (std::move (name), std::move (value));
-
-        n = e ? e + 1 : 0;
-      }
+      return *form_data_;
     }
-
-    inline void request::
-    mime_url_encode (const char* v, std::ostream& o)
-    {
-      char f = o.fill ();
-      std::ios_base::fmtflags g = o.flags ();
-      o << std::hex << std::uppercase << std::right << std::setfill ('0');
-
-      char c;
-
-      while ((c = *v++) != '\0')
-      {
-        if ((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
-            (c >= '0' && c <= '9'))
-        {
-          o << c;
-        }
-        else
-          switch (c)
-          {
-          case ' ': o << '+'; break;
-          case '.':
-          case '_':
-          case '-':
-          case '~': o << c; break;
-          default:
-            {
-              o << "%" << std::setw (2) << static_cast<unsigned short> (c);
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-      }
-
-      o.flags (g);
-      o.fill (f);
-    }
-
-    inline std::string request::
-    mime_url_decode (const char* b, const char* e, bool trim)
-    {
-      if (trim)
-      {
-        b += std::strspn (b, " ");
-
-        if (b >= e)
-          return std::string ();
-
-        while (*--e == ' ');
-        ++e;
-      }
-
-      std::string value;
-      value.reserve (e - b);
-
-      char bf[3];
-      bf[2] = '\0';
-
-      while (b != e)
-      {
-        char c = *b++;
-
-        switch (c)
-        {
-        case '+':
-          {
-            value.append (" ");
-            break;
-          }
-        case '%':
-          {
-            if (*b == '\0' || b[1] == '\0')
-            {
-              throw std::invalid_argument (
-                "::web::apache::request::mime_url_decode short");
-            }
-
-            *bf = *b;
-            bf[1] = b[1];
-
-            char* ebf = 0;
-            size_t vl = std::strtoul (bf, &ebf, 16);
-
-            if (*ebf != '\0')
-            {
-              throw std::invalid_argument (
-                "::web::apache::request::mime_url_decode wrong");
-            }
-
-            value.append (1, static_cast<char> (vl));
-            b += 2;
-            break;
-          }
-        default:
-          {
-            value.append (1, c);
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      return value;
-    }
-
   }
 }
diff --git a/web/apache/service b/web/apache/service
index cd405ee..8456f12 100644
--- a/web/apache/service
+++ b/web/apache/service
@@ -5,18 +5,11 @@
 #ifndef WEB_APACHE_SERVICE
 #define WEB_APACHE_SERVICE
 
-#include <string.h> // memset()
-#include <unistd.h> // getppid()
-#include <signal.h> // kill()
-
 #include <httpd/httpd.h>
-#include <httpd/http_config.h>
 
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
-#include <memory> // unique_ptr
 #include <cassert>
-#include <exception>
 #include <algorithm> // move()
 
 #include <web/module>
@@ -30,7 +23,6 @@ namespace web
     class service: ::module
     {
     public:
-
       using option_names = std::vector<std::string>;
 
       // Note that the module exemplar is stored by-reference.
@@ -52,48 +44,17 @@ namespace web
             name_ (name),
             exemplar_ (exemplar),
             option_names_ (std::move (opts))
-// Doesn't look like handle_ member is required at all.
-//          handle_ (&handle_impl<M>)
       {
-        // Fill apache module directive definitions. Directives share
-        // common name space in apache configuration file, so to prevent name
-        // clash have to form directive name as a combination of module and
-        // option names: <module name>-<option name>. This why for option
-        // bar of module foo the corresponding directive will appear in apache
-        // configuration file as foo-bar.
-        //
-        std::unique_ptr<command_rec[]> directives (
-          new command_rec[option_names_.size () + 1]);
-
-        command_rec* d = directives.get ();
-
-        for (auto& o: option_names_)
-        {
-          o = name_ + "-" + o;
-
-          *d++ =
-            {
-              o.c_str (),
-              reinterpret_cast<cmd_func> (add_option),
-              this,
-              RSRC_CONF,
-              TAKE1,
-              nullptr
-            };
-        }
-
-        *d = {};
+        init_directives();
 
         // instance<M> () is invented to delegate processing from apache
         // request handler C function to the service non static member
         // function. This appoach resticts number of service objects per
         // specific module implementation class with just one instance.
         //
-        service*& srv = instance<M> ();
+        service*& srv (instance<M> ());
         assert (srv == nullptr);
         srv = this;
-
-        cmds = directives.release ();
       }
 
       ~service ()
@@ -101,23 +62,6 @@ namespace web
         delete [] cmds;
       }
 
-      static const char*
-      add_option (cmd_parms *parms, void *mconfig, const char *value)
-      {
-        service& srv = *reinterpret_cast<service*> (parms->cmd->cmd_data);
-        std::string name (parms->cmd->name + srv.name_.length () + 1);
-
-        for (auto& v: srv.options_)
-          if (v.name == name)
-          {
-            v.value = value;
-            return 0;
-          }
-
-        srv.options_.emplace_back (name, value);
-        return 0;
-      }
-
       template <typename M>
       static service*&
       instance () noexcept
@@ -144,144 +88,44 @@ namespace web
       static void
       worker_initializer (apr_pool_t*, server_rec* server) noexcept
       {
-        auto srv = instance<M> ();
         log l (server);
-
-        static const std::string func_name (
-          "web::apache::service<" + srv->name_ + ">::worker_initializer");
-
-        try
-        {
-          srv->exemplar_.init (srv->options_, l);
-        }
-        catch (const std::exception& e)
-        {
-          l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_EMERG, e.what ());
-
-          // Terminate the root apache process.
-          //
-          ::kill (::getppid (), SIGTERM);
-        }
-        catch (...)
-        {
-          l.write (nullptr,
-                   0,
-                   func_name.c_str (),
-                   APLOG_EMERG,
-                   "unknown error");
-
-          // Terminate the root apache process.
-          //
-          ::kill (::getppid (), SIGTERM);
-        }
+        instance<M> ()->init_worker(l);
       }
 
       template <typename M>
       static int
       request_handler (request_rec* r) noexcept
       {
-        auto srv = instance<M> ();
-
-        if (!r->handler || srv->name_ != r->handler)
-          return DECLINED;
-
-        static const std::string func_name (
-          "web::apache::service<" + srv->name_ + ">::request_handler");
+        auto srv (instance<M> ());
+        if (!r->handler || srv->name_ != r->handler) return DECLINED;
 
         request req (r);
         log l (r->server);
+        return srv->handle<M>(req, l);
+      }
 
-        try
-        {
-          M m (static_cast<const M&> (srv->exemplar_));
-          static_cast<module&> (m).handle (req, req, l);
-          return req.flush ();
-        }
-        catch (const invalid_request& e)
-        {
-          if (!e.content.empty () && !req.get_write_state ())
-          {
-            try
-            {
-              req.content (e.status, e.type) << e.content;
-              return req.flush ();
-            }
-            catch (const std::exception& e)
-            {
-              l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, e.what ());
-            }
-          }
-
-          return e.status;
-        }
-        catch (const std::exception& e)
-        {
-          l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, e.what ());
-
-          if (*e.what () && !req.get_write_state ())
-          {
-            try
-            {
-              req.content (HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                           "text/plain;charset=utf-8")
-                << e.what ();
-
-              return req.flush ();
-            }
-            catch (const std::exception& e)
-            {
-              l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, e.what ());
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        catch (...)
-        {
-          l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, "unknown error");
-
-          if (!req.get_write_state ())
-          {
-            try
-            {
-              req.content (HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                           "text/plain;charset=utf-8")
-                << "unknown error";
-
-              return req.flush ();
-            }
-            catch (const std::exception& e)
-            {
-              l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, e.what ());
-            }
-          }
+    private:
+      void
+      init_directives();
 
-        }
+      void
+      init_worker(log& l) noexcept;
 
-        return HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
-      }
+      static const char*
+      add_option (cmd_parms *parms, void *mconfig, const char *value) noexcept;
 
-      //@@ Implementation calls handle_ function pointer below:
-      //
-      // handle_ (rq, rs, l, exemplar_);
-      //
+      template <typename M>
+      int handle(request& r, log& l) noexcept;
 
     private:
-/*
-      template <typename M>
-      static void
-      handle_impl (request& rq, response& rs, log& l, const module& exemplar)
-      {
-        M m (static_cast<const M&> (exemplar));
-        static_cast<module&> (m).handle (rq, rs, l);
-      }
-*/
       std::string name_;
       module& exemplar_;
       option_names option_names_;
       name_values options_;
-
-//      void (*handle_) (request&, response&, log&, const module&);
     };
   }
 }
 
+#include <web/apache/service.txx>
+
 #endif // WEB_APACHE_SERVICE
diff --git a/web/apache/service.cxx b/web/apache/service.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b73e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/apache/service.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// file      : web/apache/service.cxx -*- C++ -*-
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#include <web/apache/service>
+
+#include <unistd.h> // getppid()
+#include <signal.h> // kill()
+
+#include <httpd/httpd.h>
+#include <httpd/http_config.h>
+
+#include <memory> // unique_ptr
+#include <string>
+#include <exception>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace web
+{
+  namespace apache
+  {
+    void service::
+    init_directives()
+    {
+      assert(cmds == nullptr);
+
+      // Fill apache module directive definitions. Directives share
+      // common name space in apache configuration file, so to prevent name
+      // clash have to form directive name as a combination of module and
+      // option names: <module name>-<option name>. This why for option
+      // bar of module foo the corresponding directive will appear in apache
+      // configuration file as foo-bar.
+      //
+      unique_ptr<command_rec[]> directives (
+        new command_rec[option_names_.size () + 1]);
+
+      command_rec* d (directives.get ());
+
+      for (auto& o: option_names_)
+      {
+        o = name_ + "-" + o;
+
+        *d++ =
+          {
+            o.c_str (),
+            reinterpret_cast<cmd_func> (add_option),
+            this,
+            RSRC_CONF,
+            TAKE1,
+            nullptr
+          };
+      }
+
+      *d = {};
+
+      cmds = directives.release ();
+    }
+
+    const char* service::
+    add_option (cmd_parms *parms, void *mconfig, const char *value) noexcept
+    {
+      service& srv (*reinterpret_cast<service*> (parms->cmd->cmd_data));
+      string name (parms->cmd->name + srv.name_.length () + 1);
+
+      for (auto& v: srv.options_)
+        if (v.name == name)
+        {
+          v.value = value;
+          return 0;
+        }
+
+      srv.options_.emplace_back (name, value);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    void service::
+    init_worker(log& l) noexcept
+    {
+      static const string func_name (
+        "web::apache::service<" + name_ + ">::init_worker");
+
+      try
+      {
+        exemplar_.init (options_, l);
+      }
+      catch (const exception& e)
+      {
+        l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_EMERG, e.what ());
+
+        // Terminate the root apache process.
+        //
+        ::kill (::getppid (), SIGTERM);
+      }
+      catch (...)
+      {
+        l.write (nullptr,
+                 0,
+                 func_name.c_str (),
+                 APLOG_EMERG,
+                 "unknown error");
+
+        // Terminate the root apache process.
+        //
+        ::kill (::getppid (), SIGTERM);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/apache/service.txx b/web/apache/service.txx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06f3599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/apache/service.txx
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// file      : web/apache/service.txx -*- C++ -*-
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Tools CC
+// license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#include <httpd/http_log.h>
+
+#include <exception>
+
+namespace web
+{
+  namespace apache
+  {
+    template <typename M>
+    int service::
+    handle(request& r, log& l) noexcept
+    {
+      static const std::string func_name (
+        "web::apache::service<" + name_ + ">::handle");
+
+      try
+      {
+        M m (static_cast<const M&> (exemplar_));
+        static_cast<module&> (m).handle (r, r, l);
+        return r.flush ();
+      }
+      catch (const invalid_request& e)
+      {
+        if (!e.content.empty () && !r.get_write_state ())
+        {
+          try
+          {
+            r.content (e.status, e.type) << e.content;
+            return r.flush ();
+          }
+          catch (const std::exception& e)
+          {
+            l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, e.what ());
+          }
+        }
+
+        return e.status;
+      }
+      catch (const std::exception& e)
+      {
+        l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, e.what ());
+
+        if (*e.what () && !r.get_write_state ())
+        {
+          try
+          {
+            r.content (HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "text/plain;charset=utf-8")
+              << e.what ();
+
+            return r.flush ();
+          }
+          catch (const std::exception& e)
+          {
+            l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, e.what ());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      catch (...)
+      {
+        l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, "unknown error");
+
+        if (!r.get_write_state ())
+        {
+          try
+          {
+            r.content (HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "text/plain;charset=utf-8")
+              << "unknown error";
+
+            return r.flush ();
+          }
+          catch (const std::exception& e)
+          {
+            l.write (nullptr, 0, func_name.c_str (), APLOG_ERR, e.what ());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      return HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/web/apache/stream b/web/apache/stream
index 5f76347..2aa674d 100644
--- a/web/apache/stream
+++ b/web/apache/stream
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #include <httpd/http_protocol.h>
 
 #include <ios>       // streamsize
-#include <memory>    // unique_ptr
+#include <vector>
 #include <cstring>   // memmove()
 #include <streambuf>
 #include <algorithm> // min(), max()
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace web
         {
           ws_.set_write_state ();
 
-          char chr = c;
+          char chr (c);
 
           // Throwing allows to distinguish comm failure from other IO error
           // conditions.
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@ namespace web
       }
 
     private:
-
       request_rec* rec_;
       write_state& ws_;
     };
@@ -105,17 +104,17 @@ namespace web
             ws_ (ws),
             bufsize_ (std::max (bufsize, (size_t)1)),
             putback_ (std::min (putback, bufsize_ - 1)),
-            buf_ (new char[bufsize_])
+            buf_ (bufsize_)
       {
         if (ws_.get_write_state ())
         {
           throw sequence_error ("::web::apache::istreambuf::istreambuf");
         }
 
-        char* p = buf_.get () + putback_;
+        char* p (buf_.data () + putback_);
         setg (p, p, p);
 
-        int status = ap_setup_client_block (rec_, REQUEST_CHUNKED_DECHUNK);
+        int status (ap_setup_client_block (rec_, REQUEST_CHUNKED_DECHUNK));
 
         if (status != OK)
         {
@@ -135,11 +134,11 @@ namespace web
         if (gptr () < egptr ())
           return traits_type::to_int_type (*gptr ());
 
-        size_t pb = std::min ((size_t)(gptr () - eback ()), putback_);
-        std::memmove (buf_.get () + putback_ - pb, gptr () - pb, pb);
+        size_t pb (std::min ((size_t)(gptr () - eback ()), putback_));
+        std::memmove (buf_.data () + putback_ - pb, gptr () - pb, pb);
 
-        char* p = buf_.get () + putback_;
-        int rb = ap_get_client_block (rec_, p, bufsize_ - putback_);
+        char* p (buf_.data () + putback_);
+        int rb (ap_get_client_block (rec_, p, bufsize_ - putback_));
 
         if (rb == 0)
         {
@@ -156,14 +155,12 @@ namespace web
       }
 
     private:
-
       request_rec* rec_;
       write_state& ws_;
       size_t bufsize_;
       size_t putback_;
-      std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf_;
+      std::vector<char> buf_;
     };
-
   }
 }