Implement manifest serializer

9 files changed, 661 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/bpkg/buildfile b/bpkg/buildfile
index b7c1c9f..45d9d89 100644
--- a/bpkg/buildfile
+++ b/bpkg/buildfile
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
 # copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Ltd
 # license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
 
-lib{bpkg}: cxx{manifest-parser}
+import libs += libhello
+lib{bpkg}: cxx{manifest-parser manifest-serializer} $libs
diff --git a/bpkg/manifest-serializer b/bpkg/manifest-serializer
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c5a09b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpkg/manifest-serializer
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+// file      : bpkg/manifest-serializer -*- C++ -*-
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Ltd
+// license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#ifndef BPKG_MANIFEST_SERIALIZER
+#define BPKG_MANIFEST_SERIALIZER
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>   // size_t
+#include <stdexcept> // runtime_error
+
+namespace bpkg
+{
+  class manifest_serialization: public std::runtime_error
+  {
+  public:
+    manifest_serialization (const std::string& name,
+                            const std::string& description);
+
+    std::string name;
+    std::string description;
+  };
+
+  class manifest_serializer
+  {
+  public:
+    manifest_serializer (std::ostream& os, const std::string& name)
+        : os_ (os), name_ (name) {}
+
+    const std::string&
+    name () const {return name_;}
+
+    // The first name-value pair should be the special "start-of-manifest"
+    // with empty name and value being the format version. After that we
+    // have a sequence of ordinary pairs which are the manifest. At the
+    // end of the manifest we have the special "end-of-manifest" pair
+    // with empty name and value. After that we can either have another
+    // start-of-manifest pair (in which case the whole sequence repeats
+    // from the beginning) or we get another end-of-manifest pair which
+    // signals the end of stream.
+    //
+    void
+    next (const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
+
+    // Write a comment. The supplied text is prefixed with "# " and
+    // terminated with a newline.
+    //
+    void
+    comment (const std::string&);
+
+  private:
+    void
+    check_name (const std::string&);
+
+    // Write 'n' characters from 's' (assuming there are no newlines)
+    // split into multiple lines at or near the 78 characters
+    // boundary. The first line starts at the 'column' offset.
+    //
+    void
+    write_value (std::size_t column, const char* s, std::size_t n);
+
+  private:
+    enum {start, body, end} s_ = start;
+    std::string version_; // Current format version.
+
+  private:
+    std::ostream& os_;
+    const std::string name_;
+  };
+}
+
+#endif // BPKG_MANIFEST_SERIALIZER
diff --git a/bpkg/manifest-serializer.cxx b/bpkg/manifest-serializer.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d9fd89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bpkg/manifest-serializer.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// file      : bpkg/manifest-serializer.cxx -*- C++ -*-
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Ltd
+// license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#include <bpkg/manifest-serializer>
+
+#include <ostream>
+#include <cassert>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace bpkg
+{
+  using serialization = manifest_serialization;
+
+  void manifest_serializer::
+  next (const string& n, const string& v)
+  {
+    switch (s_)
+    {
+    case start:
+      {
+        if (!n.empty ())
+          throw serialization (name_, "format version pair expected");
+
+        if (v.empty ())
+        {
+          // End of manifests.
+          //
+          os_.flush ();
+          s_ = end;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        if (v != "1")
+          throw serialization (name_, "unsupported format version " + v);
+
+        os_ << ':';
+
+        if (v != version_)
+        {
+          os_ << ' ' << v;
+          version_ = v;
+        }
+
+        os_ << endl;
+        s_ = body;
+        break;
+      }
+    case body:
+      {
+        if (n.empty ())
+        {
+          if (!v.empty ())
+            throw serialization (name_, "non-empty value in end pair");
+
+          s_ = start;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        check_name (n);
+
+        os_ << n << ':';
+
+        if (!v.empty ())
+        {
+          os_ << ' ';
+
+          // Use the multi-line mode in any of the following cases:
+          //
+          // - name is too long (say longer than 37 (78/2 - 2) characters;
+          //   we cannot start on the next line since that would start the
+          //   multi-line mode)
+          // - value contains newlines
+          // - value contains leading/trailing whitespaces
+          //
+          if (n.size () > 37 ||
+              v.find ('\n') != string::npos ||
+              v.front () == ' ' || v.front () == '\t' ||
+              v.back () == ' ' || v.back () == '\t')
+          {
+            os_ << "\\" << endl; // Multi-line mode introductor.
+
+            // Chunk the value into fragments separated by newlines.
+            //
+            for (size_t i (0), p (v.find ('\n')); ; p = v.find ('\n', i))
+            {
+              if (p == string::npos)
+              {
+                // Last chunk.
+                //
+                write_value (0, v.c_str () + i, v.size () - i);
+                break;
+              }
+
+              write_value (0, v.c_str () + i, p - i);
+              os_ << endl;
+              i = p + 1;
+            }
+
+            os_ << endl << "\\"; // Multi-line mode terminator.
+          }
+          else
+            write_value (n.size () + 2, v.c_str (), v.size ());
+        }
+
+        os_ << endl;
+        break;
+      }
+    case end:
+      {
+        throw serialization (name_, "serialization after eos");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void manifest_serializer::
+  comment (const string& t)
+  {
+    if (s_ == end)
+      throw serialization (name_, "serialization after eos");
+
+    os_ << '#';
+
+    if (!t.empty ())
+      os_ << ' ' << t;
+
+    os_ << endl;
+  }
+
+  void manifest_serializer::
+  check_name (const string& n)
+  {
+    if (n[0] == '#')
+      throw serialization (name_, "name starts with '#'");
+
+    for (char c: n)
+    {
+      switch (c)
+      {
+      case ' ':
+      case '\t':
+      case '\n': throw serialization (name_, "name contains whitespace");
+      case ':': throw serialization (name_, "name contains ':'");
+      default: break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void manifest_serializer::
+  write_value (size_t cl, const char* s, size_t n)
+  {
+    char c ('\0');
+
+    // The idea is to break on the 77th character (i.e., write it
+    // on the next line) which means we have written 76 characters
+    // on this line plus 2 for '\' and '\n', which gives us 78.
+    //
+    for (const char* e (s + n); s != e; s++, cl++)
+    {
+      c = *s;
+      bool br (false); // Break the line.
+
+      // If this is a whitespace, see if it's a good place to break the
+      // line.
+      //
+      if (c == ' ' || c == '\t')
+      {
+        // Find the next whitespace (or the end) and see if it is a better
+        // place.
+        //
+        for (const char* w (s + 1); ; w++)
+        {
+          if (w == e || *w == ' ' || *w == '\t')
+          {
+            // Is this whitespace past where we need to break? Also see
+            // below the "hard" break case for why we use 78 at the end.
+            //
+            if (cl + static_cast<size_t> (w - s) > (w != e ? 77 : 78))
+            {
+              // Only break if this whitespace is close enough to
+              // the end of the line.
+              //
+              br = (cl > 57);
+            }
+
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Do we have to do a "hard" break (i.e., without a whitespace)?
+      // If there is just one character left, then instead of writing
+      // '\' and then the character on the next line, we might as well
+      // write it on this line.
+      //
+      if (cl == (s + 1 != e ? 77 : 78))
+        br = true;
+
+      if (br)
+      {
+        os_ << '\\' << endl;
+        cl = 0;
+      }
+
+      os_ << c;
+    }
+
+    // What comes next is always a newline. I the last character that
+    // we have written is a backslash, escape it.
+    //
+    if (c == '\\')
+      os_ << '\\';
+  }
+
+  // manifest_serialization
+  //
+
+  static string
+  format (const string& n, const string& d)
+  {
+    string r;
+    if (!n.empty ())
+    {
+      r += n;
+      r += ": ";
+    }
+    r += "error: ";
+    r += d;
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  manifest_serialization::
+  manifest_serialization (const string& n, const string& d)
+      : runtime_error (format (n, d)), name (n), description (d)
+  {
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/buildfile b/tests/buildfile
index 8832040..d7b8b7f 100644
--- a/tests/buildfile
+++ b/tests/buildfile
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
 # copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Ltd
 # license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
 
-d = manifest-parser/
+d = manifest-parser/ manifest-serializer/ manifest-roundtrip/
 .: $d
 include $d
diff --git a/tests/manifest-roundtrip/buildfile b/tests/manifest-roundtrip/buildfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0883303
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manifest-roundtrip/buildfile
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# file      : tests/manifest-roundtrip/buildfile
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Ltd
+# license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+exe{driver}: cxx{driver} ../../bpkg/lib{bpkg}
+
+include ../../bpkg/
+
+# test: ./driver manifest | diff -u manifest -
diff --git a/tests/manifest-roundtrip/driver.cxx b/tests/manifest-roundtrip/driver.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45abc67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manifest-roundtrip/driver.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// file      : tests/manifest-roundtrip/driver.cxx -*- C++ -*-
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Ltd
+// license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <bpkg/manifest-parser>
+#include <bpkg/manifest-serializer>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace bpkg;
+
+int
+main (int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+  if (argc != 2)
+  {
+    cerr << "usage: " << argv[0] << " <file>" << endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  try
+  {
+    ifstream ifs;
+    ifs.exceptions (ifstream::badbit | ifstream::failbit);
+    ifs.open (argv[1], ifstream::in | ifstream::binary);
+
+    manifest_parser p (ifs, "");
+    manifest_serializer s (cout, "stdout");
+
+    for (bool eom (true), eos (false); !eos; )
+    {
+      auto nv (p.next ());
+
+      if (nv.empty ()) // End pair.
+      {
+        eos = eom;
+        eom = true;
+      }
+      else
+        eom = false;
+
+      s.next (nv.name, nv.value);
+    }
+  }
+  catch (const ios_base::failure&)
+  {
+    cerr << "io failure" << endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  catch (const std::exception& e)
+  {
+    cerr << e.what () << endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tests/manifest-roundtrip/manifest b/tests/manifest-roundtrip/manifest
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31d6b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manifest-roundtrip/manifest
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+: 1
+name: libbpkg
+version: 1.0.1
+summary: build2 package manager library
+license: MIT
+tags: c++, package, manager, bpkg
+description: A very very very very very very very very very very very very\
+ very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very\
+ very very long description.
+changes: \
+1.0.1
+  - Fixed a  very very very very very very very very very very very very very\
+  very annoying bug.
+1.0.0
+  - Firts public release
+  - Lots of really cool features
+\
+url: http://www.codesynthesis.com/projects/libstudxml/
+email: build-users@codesynthesis.com; Public mailing list, posts by\
+ non-members are allowed but moderated.
+package-email: boris@codesynthesis.com; Direct email to the author.
+depends: libbutl
+requires: c++11
+:
+path: c:\windows\\
+path: \
+
+c:\windows\\
+\
diff --git a/tests/manifest-serializer/buildfile b/tests/manifest-serializer/buildfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1dfb78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manifest-serializer/buildfile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# file      : tests/manifest-serializer/buildfile
+# copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Ltd
+# license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+exe{driver}: cxx{driver} ../../bpkg/lib{bpkg}
+
+include ../../bpkg/
diff --git a/tests/manifest-serializer/driver.cxx b/tests/manifest-serializer/driver.cxx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21bca08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/manifest-serializer/driver.cxx
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// file      : tests/manifest-serializer/driver.cxx -*- C++ -*-
+// copyright : Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Code Synthesis Ltd
+// license   : MIT; see accompanying LICENSE file
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility> // pair
+#include <cassert>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <bpkg/manifest-serializer>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace bpkg;
+
+using pairs = vector<pair<string, string>>;
+
+static bool
+test (const pairs& manifest, const string& expected);
+
+static bool
+fail (const pairs& manifest);
+
+int
+main ()
+{
+  // Comments.
+  //
+  assert (test ({{"#", ""}}, "#\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"#", "x"}}, "# x\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"#", "x"},{"#", "y"},{"#", ""}}, "# x\n# y\n#\n"));
+  assert (fail ({{"",""},{"#", "x"}})); // serialization after eos
+
+  // Empty manifest stream.
+  //
+  assert (test ({}, ""));
+  assert (test ({{"",""}}, ""));
+
+  // Empty manifest.
+  //
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"",""},{"","1"},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\n:\n"));
+
+  // Invalid manifests.
+  //
+  assert (fail ({{"a",""}}));                  // format version pair expected
+  assert (fail ({{"","1"},{"",""},{"a",""}})); // format version pair expected
+  assert (fail ({{"","9"}}));                  // unsupported format version 9
+  assert (fail ({{"","1"},{"","x"}}));         // non-empty value in end pair
+  assert (fail ({{"",""},{"","1"}}));          // serialization after eos
+
+  // Single manifest.
+  //
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","x"},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\na: x\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","x"},{"b","y"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: x\nb: y\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"#","c"},{"a","x"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\n# c\na: x\n"));
+
+  // Multiple manifests.
+  //
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","x"},{"",""},
+                 {"","1"},{"b","y"},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\na: x\n:\nb: y\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","x"},{"",""},
+                 {"","1"},{"b","y"},{"",""},
+                 {"","1"},{"c","z"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: x\n:\nb: y\n:\nc: z\n"));
+
+  // Invalid name.
+  //
+  assert (fail ({{"","1"},{"#a",""}}));
+  assert (fail ({{"","1"},{"a:b",""}}));
+  assert (fail ({{"","1"},{"a b",""}}));
+  assert (fail ({{"","1"},{"a\tb",""}}));
+  assert (fail ({{"","1"},{"a\n",""}}));
+
+  // Simple value.
+  //
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a",""},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\na:\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","x y z"},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\na: x y z\n"));
+
+  // Long simple value (newline escaping).
+  //
+
+  // "Solid" text/hard break.
+  //
+  string l1 ("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "Yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
+             "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz");
+
+  string e1 ("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\\\n"
+             "Yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy\\\n"
+             "Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
+             "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz");
+
+  // Space too early/hard break.
+  //
+  string l2 ("x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "Yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z"
+             "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz");
+
+  string e2 ("x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\\\n"
+             "Yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy\\\n"
+             "Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz z"
+             "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz");
+
+  // Space/soft break.
+  //
+  string l3 ("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             " Yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             " Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
+             "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz");
+
+  string e3 ("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\\\n"
+             " Yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy\\\n"
+             " Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
+             "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz");
+
+  // Space with a better one/soft break.
+  //
+  string l4 ("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx"
+             " Yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy"
+             " Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
+             "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz");
+
+  string e4 ("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
+             "xxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxx\\\n"
+             " Yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
+             "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyy\\\n"
+             " Zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
+             "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz");
+
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a",l1},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\na: " + e1 + "\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a",l2},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\na: " + e2 + "\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a",l3},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\na: " + e3 + "\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a",l4},{"",""},{"",""}}, ": 1\na: " + e4 + "\n"));
+
+
+  // Multi-line value.
+  //
+  string n ("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{n,"x"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\n" + n + ": \\\nx\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","\n"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n\n\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","\n\n"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n\n\n\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","\nx\n"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n\nx\n\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","x\ny\nz"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\nx\ny\nz\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a"," x"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n x\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","x "},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\nx \n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a"," x "},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n x \n\\\n"));
+
+  // Extra three x's are for the leading name part ("a: ") that we
+  // don't have.
+  //
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","\nxxx" + l1},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n\nxxx" + e1 + "\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","\nxxx" + l2},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n\nxxx" + e2 + "\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","\nxxx" + l3},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n\nxxx" + e3 + "\n\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","\nxxx" + l4},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\n\nxxx" + e4 + "\n\\\n"));
+
+  // Backslash escaping (simple and multi-line).
+  //
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","c:\\"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: c:\\\\\n"));
+  assert (test ({{"","1"},{"a","c:\\\nd:\\"},{"",""},{"",""}},
+                ": 1\na: \\\nc:\\\\\nd:\\\\\n\\\n"));
+}
+
+static string
+serialize (const pairs& m)
+{
+  ostringstream os;
+  os.exceptions (istream::failbit | istream::badbit);
+  manifest_serializer s (os, "");
+
+  for (const auto& p: m)
+  {
+    if (p.first != "#")
+      s.next (p.first, p.second);
+    else
+      s.comment (p.second);
+  }
+
+  return os.str ();
+}
+
+static bool
+test (const pairs& m, const string& e)
+{
+  string r (serialize (m));
+
+  if (r != e)
+  {
+    cerr << "actual:" << endl << "'" << r << "'"<< endl
+         << "expect:" << endl << "'" << e << "'"<< endl;
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool
+fail (const pairs& m)
+{
+  try
+  {
+    string r (serialize (m));
+    cerr << "nofail: " << r << endl;
+    return false;
+  }
+  catch (const manifest_serialization& e)
+  {
+    //cerr << e.what () << endl;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}